I-1，Izinto zokuvikela i-insulation emkhakheni kagesi nazo zizocekelwa phansi ngenxa yamandla awo okufakwa ngaphakathi futhi zilahlekelwe ukusebenza okufanele kokufakwa kwe-insulation, khona-ke kuzoba nokuqhekeka kwe-insulation.
Amazinga e-GB4943 kanye ne-GB8898 abeka imvume kagesi, ibanga le-creepage kanye nebanga lokungena lokungena ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo ekhona, kodwa le midiya ithintwa izimo zemvelo，Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukucindezela komoya, izinga lokungcola, njll., kuzonciphisa amandla okushisa noma ukwehluleka, phakathi kwawo ukucindezela komoya kunomphumela osobala kakhulu ekukhishweni kukagesi.
Igesi ikhiqiza izinhlayiya ezishajiwe ngezindlela ezimbili: enye i-ionization yokushayisana, lapho ama-athomu asegesini eshayisana nezinhlayiya zegesi ukuze athole amandla futhi agxume asuka emazingeni aphansi aye aphezulu.Uma la mandla edlula inani elithile, ama-athomu afakwa i-ionized abe ama-electron amahhala nama-ion aqondile.Elinye i-ionization yangaphandle, lapho ama-electron noma ama-ion asebenza endaweni eqinile ukuze adlulisele amandla anele kuma-electron endaweni eqinile, ukuze lawa ma-electron. zuza amandla anele, ukuze idlule isithiyo samandla esingase sibe khona futhi ishiye indawo.
Ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla athile kagesi, i-electron indiza isuka ku-cathode iye ku-anode futhi izobhekana ne-ionization yokushayisana endleleni.Ngemva kokushayisana kokuqala ne-electron yegesi kubangela i-ionization, une-electron yamahhala eyengeziwe.Ama-electron amabili ane-ionized by ukushayisana njengoba endizela ngase-anode，Ngakho-ke sinama-electron amane amahhala ngemva kokushayisana kwesibili.Lawa ma-electron amane aphinda ukungqubuzana okufanayo, okwenza ama-electron amaningi, enze i-avalanche ye-electron.
Ngokombono wokucindezela komoya, lapho izinga lokushisa lingaguquki, umfutho womoya ulingana ngokuphambene nesilinganiso samahhala sama-electron kanye nevolumu yegesi.Lapho ukuphakama kukhuphuka nokucindezela komoya kuncipha, isilinganiso samahhala sokushaywa kwezinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe sikhuphuka, esizosheshisa i-ionization yegesi, ngakho-ke i-voltage yokuwohloka yegesi iyancipha.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage ne-pressure yile:
Kulokhu: P - Ukucindezela komoya endaweni yokusebenza
P0-umfutho womkhathi ojwayelekile
Up- I-voltage yokukhipha i-insulation yangaphandle endaweni yokusebenza
U0- I-voltage yokukhipha i-insulation yangaphandle emkhathini ojwayelekile
n—Inkomba yesici ye-voltage yokukhipha i-insulation yangaphandle iyancipha ngokuncipha kwengcindezi
Ngokuqondene nosayizi wenkomba yesici sika-n yenani lokwehla kwamandla kagesi okukhipha ukufakwa kwangaphandle, ayikho idatha ecacile okwamanje, futhi kudingeka inani elikhulu ledatha nokuhlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe, ngenxa yomehluko wezindlela zokuhlola, okuhlanganisa nokufana. of the field kagesi，Ukungaguquguquki kwezimo zemvelo, ukulawulwa kwebanga lokukhipha kanye nokunemba kwemishini yamathuluzi okuhlola kuzothinta ukunemba kokuhlolwa kanye nedatha.
Ngengcindezi ephansi ye-barometric, i-voltage yokuwohloka iyancipha.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuminyana komoya kuyehla njengoba ingcindezi iyancipha, ngakho-ke i-voltage yokuwohloka iyehla kuze kube umphumela wokunciphisa ukuminyana kwama-electron njengoba igesi iba mncane isebenza.Emva kwalokho, i-voltage yokuwohloka iyakhuphuka kuze kube yilapho i-vacuum ingabangelwa ukuqhutshwa kwegesi. ukwehlukana.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage yokuwohloka kwengcindezi negesi ngokuvamile buchazwa ngumthetho waseBashen.
Ngosizo lomthetho we-Baschen kanye nenani elikhulu lokuhlolwa, amanani okulungiswa kwe-voltage yokuwohloka kanye negebe likagesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokucindezela komoya atholakala ngemva kokuqoqwa nokucubungula idatha.
Bheka Ithebula 1 kanye neThebula 2
| Umfutho womoya (kPa) | 79.5 | 75 | 70 | 67 | 61.5 | 58.7 | 55 |
| Inani lokushintsha(n) | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.85 |
Ithebula 1 Ukulungiswa kwe-voltage ehlukanayo ngengcindezi ye-barometric ehlukene
| I-Altitude (m) | Ingcindezi ye-Barometric (kPa) | Isici sokulungisa (n) |
| 2000 | 80.0 | 1.00 |
| 3000 | 70.0 | 1.14 |
| 4000 | 62.0 | 1.29 |
| 5000 | 54.0 | 1.48 |
| 6000 | 47.0 | 1.70 |
Ithebula 2 Amanani okulungisa okususwa kukagesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokucindezela komoya
2, Umthelela wengcindezi ephansi ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo.
Imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile izokhiqiza inani elithile lokushisa, ukushisa okukhiqizwa kanye nomehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile kubizwa ngokuthi ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa.Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokweqile kungabangela ukusha, umlilo nezinye izingozi, Ngakho-ke, inani elihambisanayo lomkhawulo libalulwe ku-GB4943, GB8898 namanye amazinga okuphepha, okuhloswe ngawo ukuvimbela izingozi ezingaba khona ezibangelwa ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokweqile.
Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwemikhiqizo yokushisa kuthinteka ukuphakama.Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kuyahlukahluka ngokuhambisana nokuphakama, futhi ukuthambekela koshintsho kuncike esakhiweni somkhiqizo, ukushabalaliswa kokushisa, izinga lokushisa elizungezile nezinye izici.
Ukuchithwa kokushisa kwemikhiqizo eshisayo kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ukushisa ukushisa, ukuchithwa kokushisa kwe-convection kanye nemisebe eshisayo.Ukuchithwa kokushisa kwenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yokushisa ngokuyinhloko kuncike ekushintsheni kokushisa kwe-convection, okungukuthi, ukushisa kwemikhiqizo yokushisa kuncike endaweni yokushisa ekhiqizwe umkhiqizo ngokwawo ukuze uhambe izinga lokushisa lomoya elizungeze umkhiqizo.Ekuphakameni kuka-5000m, i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa ingaphansi ngo-21% kunevelu esezingeni lolwandle, futhi ukushisa okudluliswa ukukhishwa kokushisa okuguquguqukayo nakho kuphansi ngo-21%.Izofinyelela ku-40% kumamitha angu-10,000.Ukuncipha kokudluliswa kokushisa ngokuchithwa kokushisa okuguquguqukayo kuzoholela ekwenyukeni kwezinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo.
Lapho ukuphakama kukhuphuka, ukucindezela komkhathi kuncipha, okuholela ekwandeni kwe-coefficient ye-viscosity yomoya kanye nokuncipha kokudluliswa kokushisa.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukudluliswa kokushisa kwe-air convective ukudluliswa kwamandla ngokungqubuzana kwamangqamuzana; Njengoba ukuphakama kunyuka, ukucindezela komkhathi kuncipha futhi ukuminyana komoya kuyehla, okuholela ekwehleni kwenani lama-molecule omoya futhi okuholela ekwehleni kokudluliswa kokushisa.
Ukwengeza, kunesinye isici esithinta ukuchithwa kokushisa okuguquguqukayo kokugeleza okuphoqelekile, okungukuthi, ukuncipha kokuminyana komoya kuzohambisana nokuncipha komfutho womoya. .Ukuchithwa kokushisa kokuguqula ukugeleza okuphoqiwe kuncike ekugelezeni komoya ukuze kususe ukushisa.Ngokuvamile, isiphephetha-moya sokupholisa esisetshenziswa injini sigcina ukugeleza kwevolumu yomoya ogeleza enjinini kungashintshi, Njengoba ukuphakama kukhuphuka, izinga lokugeleza komthamo womoya liyancipha, ngisho noma umthamo womoya uhlala ufana, ngoba ukuminyana komoya kuyehla.Njengoba ukushisa komoya okuthile kungabhekwa njengokungaguquguquki phezu kobubanzi bamazinga okushisa ahilelekile ezinkingeni ezingokoqobo, uma ukugeleza komoya kwandisa izinga lokushisa elifanayo, ukushisa okumuncwa ukugeleza okukhulu kuzoncishiswa, imikhiqizo yokushisisa ithinteka kabi. ngokuqongelela, kanye nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwemikhiqizo kuzokhuphuka ngokunciphisa ukucindezela komkhathi.
Umthelela wengcindezi yomoya ekunyukeni kwezinga lokushisa kwesampula, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokushisa, usungulwa ngokuqhathanisa isibonisi ne-adaptha ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokushisa nezingcindezi, ngokuya ngethiyori yethonya lokucindezela komoya ekushiseni okuchazwe ngenhla, Ngaphansi kwesimo sokucindezela okuphansi, izinga lokushisa lesici sokushisa akulula ukuhlakazeka ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani lama-molecule endaweni yokulawula, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lokushisa lendawo phezulu kakhulu.Lesi simo sinomthelela omncane kokungazimele izakhi zokushisa, ngoba ukushisa kwezinto ezingezona ukuzifudumeza kudluliselwa kusuka entweni yokushisa, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngomfutho ophansi liphansi kunezinga lokushisa lasekamelweni.
3.Isiphetho
Ngocwaningo nokuhlola, kufinyelelwa iziphetho ezilandelayo.Okokuqala, ngokomthetho ka-Baschen, amanani okulungisa ama-voltage okuphuka kanye negebe likagesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokucindezela komoya afingqwa ngokuhlolwa.Okubili kusekelwe ngokulinganayo futhi kubumbene ngokuqhathaniswa; Okwesibili, ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-adaptha nesibonisi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokucindezela komoya, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa nomfutho womoya kunobudlelwano obuqondile, futhi ngokubala kwezibalo, isibalo somugqa. zokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomfutho womoya ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zingatholakala.Thatha i-adaptha njengesibonelo，I-coefficient yokuhlobanisa phakathi kokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa nomfutho womoya ingu--0.97 ngokwendlela yezibalo, okuwukuhlobana okuphezulu okunegethivu.Izinga lokushintsha lokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa liwukuthi izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngo-5-8% kukho konke ukunyuka okungu-1000m kokuphakama.Ngakho-ke, le datha yokuhlola ingeyereferensi kuphela futhi ingeyokuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi.Isilinganiso sangempela siyadingeka ukuhlola izici zomkhiqizo phakathi nokutholwa okuthile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-27-2023