Njengamanje, izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zemishini yobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nemishini yomsindo nevidiyo yi-IEC60950, IEC60065, ububanzi bokusebenza kwabo bungama-2000m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle ngaphansi kwendawo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile kanye nezimo zezulu ezipholile noma ezishisayo ukuze basebenzise imishini, kanye nokuphakama okuphezulu. ukuphakama kwendawo yengcindezi ephansi ehambisanayo ekusebenzeni kokuphepha kwezinto zokusebenza kufanele kuboniswe ngokwezinga.

Umhlaba unomhlaba ongamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-19.8 ngaphezu kwezi-2000m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, okuphindwe kabili ngobukhulu beShayina.Lezi zindawo eziphakeme kakhulu zisatshalaliswa e-Asia naseNingizimu Melika, phakathi kwazo amazwe amaningi nezifunda eNingizimu Melika zingaphezu kwama-2000m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle futhi zihlala abantu.Nokho, ngenxa yesimo somnotho esisahlehla kancane kanye nezinga lokuphila eliphansi kulawa mazwe nasezifundeni, izinga lokungena kwempahla yolwazi nalo liphansi, Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokumiswa liyancipha kakhulu kunezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe futhi alinaki okwengeziwe. izidingo zokuphepha ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2,000.Nakuba i-United States ne-Canada, etholakala eNyakatho Melika, ithuthukile umnotho futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kulwazi nemishini kagesi, cishe abekho abantu abahlala ngaphezu kuka-2000m, ngakho-ke izinga le-UL lase-United States alinazo izidingo ezengeziwe zokucindezela okuphansi. .Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe amaningi angamalungu e-IEC aseYurophu, lapho indawo ehlala khona ilula.Amazwe ambalwa kuphela, njenge-Austria ne-Slovenia, anezingxenye ezingaphezu kuka-2000m ngaphezu kolwandle, izindawo eziningi ezinezintaba, izimo zezulu ezimbi kanye nenani labantu abambalwa.Ngakho-ke, indinganiso yaseYurophu ye-EN60950 kanye ne-IEC60950 yamazwe ngamazwe ayicabangi umthelela wendawo engaphezulu kuka-2000m ekuvikelekeni kwemishini yolwazi kanye nemishini yomsindo nevidiyo.Kulo nyaka kuphela esilinganisweni sensimbi IEC61010:2001 (Isilinganiso, isilawuli kanye nelabhorethri kagesi. ukuphepha kwemishini) inikeze ukuphakama okuyingxenye kokulungiswa kokucaciswa kukagesi.Umthelela we-altitude ephezulu ekufakweni kwe-insulation unikezwa ku-IEC664A, kodwa umphumela wokuphakama okuphezulu ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lokushisa awucatshangwa.

Ngenxa yesimo sendawo yamazwe amaningi angamalungu e-IEC, amathuluzi obuchwepheshe bolwazi jikelele kanye nemishini yokulalelwayo neyevidiyo isetshenziswa kakhulu ekhaya nasehhovisi, futhi ngeke isetshenziswe endaweni engaphezu kuka-2000m, ngakho-ke azibhekwa.Izinto zikagesi, njengamamotho, ama-transformer nezinye izinsiza zikagesi zizosetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo njengezintaba, ngakho zibhekwa kumazinga emikhiqizo kagesi namathuluzi okulinganisa.

Ngokuthuthuka komnotho waseShayina kanye nokujula kwenqubomgomo yezinguquko kanye nokuvula amathuba, imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi yezwe lethu iye yathuthukiswa ngokushesha, insimu yokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi nayo ibanzi kakhulu, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ezikhathini eziningi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kukhokhwa ekuphepheni kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi.

1.Isimo socwaningo kanye nokuthuthuka kwamazinga okuphepha emikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi.

Kusukela izinguquko nokuvuleka, abandulele ocwaningweni lwamazinga okuphepha komkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi wasekhaya, ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kanye nesitifiketi benze umsebenzi omningi, emcabangweni oyisisekelo wocwaningo lokuphepha lwenze inqubekelaphambili ethile, ngasikhathi sinye njalo ukulandela izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke. kanye nolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe lwamazwe athuthukile, amazinga kazwelonke afana ne-GB4943 (ukuphepha kwemishini yobuchwepheshe bolwazi), i-GB8898 (izidingo zokuphepha zemishini yomsindo nevidiyo) kanye ne-GB4793 (ukuphepha kwezinto zikagesi ezisetshenziswa ekulinganiseni, ekulawuleni naselabhorethri) athuthukisiwe, kodwa iningi lalawa mazinga lijwayelane nezimo zemvelo ezingaphansi kwama-2000m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, kanti iShayina inendawo enkulu.Izimo zezwe kanye nezimo zezulu ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.Isifunda esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga iningizimu iyithafa, nenani elikhulu labantu abahlala khona.Izindawo ezingaphezu kuka-1000m zithatha u-60% wendawo yonke yaseShayina, lezo ezingaphezu kuka-2000m zenza u-33%, kanti lezo ezingaphezu kuka-3000m zenza u-16%.Phakathi kwazo, izindawo ezingaphezu kuka-2000m zigxile kakhulu eTibet, Qinghai, Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinling Mountains kanye nezintaba ezisentshonalanga yeXinjiang, Kubandakanya iKunming, Xining, Lhasa namanye amadolobha amakhulu esifundazwe anabantu abaningi, lezi zindawo zinemithombo yemvelo ecebile ngokushesha. isidingo sokuthuthukiswa, ngokuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke yokuthuthukiswa kwentshonalanga, kuzoba nenani elikhulu lamathalente kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kulezi zindawo, imishini yobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nemishini yokulalelwayo nevidiyo nayo izosetshenziswa ngobuningi.

Ukwengeza, ngesikhathi sijoyina i-WTO, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela amalungelo nezintshisekelo zabathengi baseShayina ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe kunezindlela zokuphatha.Amazwe amaningi athuthukile wonke abeka phambili izidingo ezikhethekile ngokuhambisana nezithakazelo zawo lapho engenisa imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ngokwesimo esiphathekayoNgale ndlela, uvikela umnotho wakho kanye nabathengi bakho.Ukufingqa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda umthelela wezimo zemvelo ezindaweni eziphakeme emikhiqizweni kagesi, ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kokuphepha.

2.Umthelela wengcindezi ephansi ekusebenzeni kokuphepha kwemikhiqizo kagesi.

Ibanga lomfutho ophansi okuxoxwe ngalo kuleli phepha lihlanganisa kuphela izimo zokucindezela komhlaba, hhayi ezondiza, i-aerospace, izimo zezindiza nezemvelo ezingaphezu kuka-6000m.Njengoba kunabantu abambalwa abahlala ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-6000m, umthelela wezimo zemvelo ezingaphansi kuka-6000m ekuphepheni kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi uchazwa njengobubanzi bengxoxo,Ukuqhathanisa umthelela womkhathi ohlukene ngaphezulu nangaphansi kuka-2000m ekusebenzeni kokuphepha kwemikhiqizo kagesi. .Ngokusho kweziphathimandla zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo lwamanje, umthelela wokunciphisa umfutho womoya ekusebenzeni kokuphepha kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ubonakala kakhulu kulawa maphuzu alandelayo:

(1) Ukuvuza kwegesi noma uketshezi egobolondweni elivaliwe
(2) Isitsha esivalekayo siphukile noma siqhumile
(3) Umthelela wengcindezi ephansi ekufakweni komoya (igebe likagesi)
(4) Umthelela wengcindezi ephansi ekusebenzeni kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa (ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa)

Kuleli phepha, kuxoxwa ngomphumela wokucindezela okuphansi ekufakeni umoya nokusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa.Ngoba izimo zemvelo ezicindezelayo eziphansi azinawo umthelela ekufakeni okuqinile, ngakho-ke akucatshangelwa.

3 Umthelela wengcindezi ephansi ku-voltage yokuwohloka kwegebe likagesi.

Amakhondatha asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa ama-voltage ayingozi noma amandla ahlukene ancike kakhulu ezintweni ezivikelayo.Izinto zokuvikela ziyi-dielectric esetshenziselwa ukwahlukanisa.Zine-conductivity ephansi, kodwa azikhoni ngokuphelele.I-insulation resistivity ingamandla enkambu kagesi yezinto zokufakelwa ezihlukaniswe ukuminyana kwamanje okudlula ku-insulation material.I-conductivity iwukuhambisana kwe-resisivity.Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, ngokuvamile kuthenjwa ukuthi ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulating kukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.Izinto zokuvikela ikakhulukazi zifaka izinto zokuvikela igesi, izinto zokuvikela uketshezi kanye nezinto zokuvikela eziqinile, kanye negesi ephakathi nendawo kanye nendawo eqinile zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni yolwazi lwe-elekthronikhi kanye nemikhiqizo yomsindo nevidiyo ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokufakwa kwe-insulating, ngakho-ke ikhwalithi ye-insulating medium ithinta ngqo ukusebenza kokuphepha kwemikhiqizo.